Use `Integer.parseInt(String s)` for primitive `int`
Use `Integer.valueOf(String s)` for `Integer` object
Use `Long.parseLong(String s)` for `long`
Use `Double.parseDouble(String s)` for `double`
Use `Float.parseFloat(String s)` for `float`
Use `Short.parseShort(String s)` for `short`
Use `Byte.parseByte(String s)` for `byte`
Use `new BigInteger(String val)` for large whole numbers
Use `new BigDecimal(String val)` for precise decimal numbers
Handle `NumberFormatException` with `try-catch`
Trim the string before conversion with `s.trim()`
Validate the string before parsing if needed
Use `Integer.decode(String nm)` for decimal, hex, or octal formats
Use `Integer.parseInt(s, radix)` for custom number bases