Put the author’s last name and the page number in parentheses after the quoted or paraphrased material.
Example: (Smith 23)
If the author’s name is mentioned in the sentence, put only the page number in parentheses.
Example: Smith says the idea is important (23).
If there are two authors, include both last names.
Example: (Smith and Jones 45)
If there are three or more authors, use the first author’s last name followed by et al.
Example: (Smith et al. 12)
If there is no author, use a shortened version of the title in quotation marks.
Example: (“Article Title” 8)
If there is no page number, use only the author’s last name.
Example: (Smith)
Place the citation before the period at the end of the sentence.
Example: This is a quote (Smith 23).