Use `INDEX` to return a value from a range
Use `MATCH` to find the position of a lookup value in a range
Combine them as `=INDEX(return_range, MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_range, 0))`
Set `MATCH` to `0` for an exact match
Make sure `return_range` and `lookup_range` are the same size
Use `MATCH` to locate the row or column position
Use `INDEX` to pull the corresponding result from that position
For two-way lookup, use `=INDEX(data_range, MATCH(row_value, row_range, 0), MATCH(column_value, column_range, 0))`
Wrap with `IFERROR` if you want to hide errors
Use `INDEX MATCH` instead of `VLOOKUP` when the lookup column is not the leftmost column