Preview the text: scan headings, subheadings, bold/italic words, tables, and diagrams
Read the first sentence of each paragraph to identify the main idea
Look for keywords and repeated terms to track themes and concepts
Use the structure: follow the author’s sequence (problem → explanation → evidence → conclusion, if applicable)
Pause after sections and summarize the key point in a short phrase
Mark or note confusing parts and then reread those specific lines
Convert details into your own words: restate claims, definitions, and steps
Check relationships: connect examples to the main claim they support
Watch for signals: “therefore,” “however,” “for example,” “in contrast,” and “because”
Verify understanding by asking: What is the author trying to prove or explain?
Identify the author’s purpose and audience to interpret emphasis and tone
Use active reading: highlight, annotate, or write margin notes
Re-read the most important paragraphs and the transitions between sections
Create a quick outline or concept map from headings and summaries
Test recall: close the text and write what you remember
Review notes later to reinforce understanding
If something still doesn’t make sense, read the relevant section again and consult a glossary or reference
Apply the information: use an example, solve a related problem, or answer practice questions