Swallow, yawn, or chew gum during takeoff and landing
Use the Valsalva maneuver gently: pinch your nose, close your mouth, and blow softly
Stay awake during ascent and descent
Use filtered earplugs designed for flying
Keep hydrated before and during the flight
Avoid flying with a severe cold, sinus infection, or ear infection if possible
Use a decongestant or nasal spray before flying only if approved by a doctor
Take pain relief medication before the flight if recommended by a doctor
Equalize pressure frequently during altitude changes
Avoid sleeping during takeoff and landing
Seek medical advice before flying if you have chronic ear problems or recent ear surgery