Measure the wall space and decide the bookshelf dimensions
Choose the bookshelf style, height, width, and depth
Select materials such as plywood, solid wood, or MDF
Gather tools including saw, drill, level, tape measure, clamps, screws, and sandpaper
Cut the side panels, shelves, top, bottom, and back panel to size
Sand all cut edges and surfaces
Mark shelf positions on the side panels
Drill pilot holes for fixed shelves or shelf pins for adjustable shelves
Assemble the frame with wood glue and screws or nails
Attach the shelves inside the frame
Secure the back panel to square the bookshelf
Fill holes and sand again if needed
Paint, stain, or seal the bookshelf
Anchor the bookshelf to the wall for safety
Place books and check for stability