Determine the number of equivalents of solute
Use the formula: Normality = Number of equivalents / Volume of solution in liters
Find equivalents using: Equivalents = Mass of solute / Equivalent weight
Calculate equivalent weight using: Equivalent weight = Molar mass / n-factor
Identify the n-factor based on the reaction
For acids, n-factor = number of ionizable H+ ions
For bases, n-factor = number of OH− ions
For salts, n-factor = total positive or negative charge involved in the reaction
For redox reactions, n-factor = number of electrons transferred per molecule or ion
Convert volume to liters before calculation
Substitute values into the formula and compute Normality
Use the relation: Normality = Molarity × n-factor when molarity is known