Define the sample space
Identify the event of interest
Count the total number of possible outcomes
Count the number of favorable outcomes
Use the formula: Probability = favorable outcomes / total outcomes
Express the result as a fraction, decimal, or percentage
For multiple events, use addition or multiplication rules as needed
For dependent events, update the probability after each outcome
For independent events, multiply the probabilities
For complementary events, use: P(not A) = 1 – P(A)