Use the author’s last name and the year of publication in parentheses: (Smith, 2020)
For a direct quote, include the page number: (Smith, 2020, p. 45)
For two authors, include both last names: (Smith & Jones, 2020)
For three or more authors, use the first author’s last name followed by et al.: (Smith et al., 2020)
If the author is named in the sentence, put the year in parentheses after the name: Smith (2020) states that…
If citing a specific chapter or section, include the page range if needed: (Smith, 2020, pp. 45–47)
Follow the citation style required by your instructor or publisher, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago