How to Create a Cladogram?

#Biology

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Choose a group of organisms to compare

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Identify shared characteristics among the organisms

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Determine which characteristics are derived and which are ancestral

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Create a character matrix listing organisms and traits

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Group organisms by shared derived characteristics

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Place the most ancestral organism or trait at the base

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Draw branches to show divergence from common ancestors

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Arrange branches so closely related organisms share a more recent node

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Label each branch or node with the relevant trait

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Review the cladogram for consistency with the trait data

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Revise the branching order if needed

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