Orient the building to maximize winter solar gain and minimize summer overheating
Use a compact building form to reduce heat loss
Insulate walls, roof, and floor to very high levels
Eliminate thermal bridges in all assemblies
Install high-performance windows and doors
Place windows strategically for daylight and passive solar control
Ensure airtight construction throughout the envelope
Design and install a balanced mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery
Size heating and cooling systems for very low loads
Use shading devices to control summer sun
Select materials and assemblies with low thermal conductivity
Optimize window-to-wall ratios for climate and orientation
Model energy performance early in the design process
Verify airtightness with blower door testing
Detail all junctions carefully to maintain continuity of insulation and air barrier
Use moisture-safe assemblies to prevent condensation and mold
Choose efficient appliances, lighting, and equipment
Integrate renewable energy systems when appropriate
Commission and test all building systems before occupancy
Design for local climate, site conditions, and occupant behavior