Use the author’s last name and the year of publication
Place the citation in parentheses at the end of the sentence: (Smith, 2020)
If the author’s name is part of the sentence, put only the year in parentheses: Smith (2020) found that…
For two authors, include both last names joined by an ampersand in parentheses: (Smith & Jones, 2020)
For three or more authors, use the first author’s last name followed by et al.: (Smith et al., 2020)
For a direct quote, include the page number: (Smith, 2020, p. 15)
For a direct quote spanning multiple pages, use pp.: (Smith, 2020, pp. 15–16)
For a work with no author, use the title in quotation marks or italics, depending on the source type: (“Title of Article,” 2020)
For a work with no date, use n.d.: (Smith, n.d.)
Separate multiple sources in one citation with semicolons: (Smith, 2020; Jones, 2019)
Use a comma between the author and year in parenthetical citations
Use an ampersand only inside parentheses, not in narrative citations
Match every in-text citation to a full reference entry in the reference list