Identify the light source
Determine the direction of the shadow
Observe the object’s shape and edges
Draw the cast shadow on the surface
Keep shadows darkest near the object
Fade the shadow as it moves away
Use softer edges for distant shadows
Use harder edges for sharp light
Add form shadow on the object itself
Leave highlight areas unshaded
Blend tones gradually
Compare values to surrounding areas
Adjust shadow size based on light angle
Use reference from real objects
Layer shading slowly
Erase or lift highlights if needed