Use a calculator and press the square root button
Estimate by finding the nearest perfect squares
If the number is a perfect square, identify the whole number whose square equals it
Use prime factorization for perfect squares
Use the long division method for manual square root calculation
Use Newton’s method for iterative approximation
Check your result by squaring the answer
For decimals, move the decimal point in pairs before finding the square root
For negative numbers, use imaginary numbers instead of real square roots