Use the formula: moles = mass ÷ molar mass
Measure the mass of the substance in grams
Find the molar mass from the periodic table or chemical formula
Divide the mass by the molar mass
Use the formula: moles = number of particles ÷ Avogadro’s number
Count the number of atoms, molecules, or ions if given
Divide by 6.022 × 10^23
Use the formula: moles = volume of gas ÷ 22.4 L
Apply this only for gases at standard temperature and pressure
Use the formula: moles = concentration × volume
Make sure volume is in liters when using concentration in mol/L
Use the balanced chemical equation to convert between substances
Multiply by mole ratios from the coefficients in the equation