Poor oral hygiene
Infrequent brushing
Not flossing regularly
Plaque buildup on teeth and gums
Tartar accumulation
Smoking or tobacco use
Diabetes
Dry mouth
Hormonal changes
Certain medications
Genetic predisposition
Poor nutrition
Stress
Crooked or crowded teeth
Ill-fitting dental restorations
Lack of regular dental cleanings
Existing gum inflammation
Untreated gingivitis