Use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher every day
Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors
Wear a wide-brim hat and avoid direct sun exposure
Use vitamin C serum in the morning
Use niacinamide serum daily
Use retinoids at night if tolerated
Use azelaic acid for dark spots
Use alpha arbutin or kojic acid products
Use glycolic acid or lactic acid exfoliants 1 to 3 times per week
Avoid picking or scratching the skin
Keep skin moisturized with a gentle, non-comedogenic moisturizer
Treat acne promptly to prevent post-inflammatory spots
Consider hydroquinone only under medical supervision
See a dermatologist for persistent, worsening, or unusual brown spots