Two authors: use both surnames every time, joined by “and” in narrative text or “&” in parenthetical citations
Example: Smith and Jones (2020) or (Smith & Jones, 2020)
Three or more authors: use the first author’s surname followed by “et al.” every time
Example: Garcia et al. (2021) or (Garcia et al., 2021)
For two authors in a parenthetical citation, use an ampersand: (Smith & Jones, 2020)
For three or more authors in a parenthetical citation, use the first author plus et al.: (Garcia et al., 2021)
For works with the same first author and same year, include enough authors to distinguish them if needed
For direct quotes, include the page number: (Smith & Jones, 2020, p. 15)
For paraphrases, page numbers are optional but may be included: (Garcia et al., 2021)