Use the author’s last name and the year of publication in parentheses
Place the citation in the sentence or at the end of the sentence
Example: (Smith, 2020)
For a direct quote, include the page number
Example: (Smith, 2020, p. 45)
For two authors, include both last names joined by “and” or “&” depending on the style
Example: (Smith and Jones, 2020)
For three or more authors, use the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”
Example: (Smith et al., 2020)
If no author is listed, use the book title in italics or quotation marks depending on the style
If no date is listed, use “n.d.” in place of the year
Match the citation format to the required referencing style, such as APA, MLA, or Harvard