Measure the wall space and decide the shelf size
Choose shelf material such as solid wood, plywood, or MDF
Cut the shelf boards to the desired length and depth
Sand all surfaces and edges smooth
Mark stud locations on the wall
Plan the bracket or hidden support placement
Cut a groove or pocket in the shelf if using hidden brackets
Install the wall-mounted support bracket or cleat level on the studs
Drill pilot holes and secure the support with screws
Slide or place the shelf onto the support
Check that the shelf is level
Secure the shelf to the support from underneath or inside if needed
Fill any visible holes with wood filler
Sand the filled areas smooth
Paint, stain, or seal the shelf
Let the finish dry completely before use
Place items on the shelf within the weight limit