Preheat the oven to 200°F to 225°F
Line a baking sheet with parchment paper
Separate egg whites from the yolks
Place egg whites in a clean, dry mixing bowl
Add a pinch of salt or cream of tartar
Beat the egg whites until foamy
Gradually add sugar while beating
Continue beating until stiff, glossy peaks form
Add vanilla extract if desired
Transfer the meringue to a piping bag or spoon onto the baking sheet
Shape into small cookies
Bake until dry and crisp, usually 1 to 2 hours
Turn off the oven and let the cookies cool inside
Remove once fully cooled and dry