Find a dark area or build a dark room high above ground
Use solid blocks to make a spawning platform
Make the platform large enough for mobs to spawn
Add walls and a roof to block out light
Place trapdoors, water channels, or slabs to guide mobs
Create a drop chute or killing chamber below the spawning area
Use hoppers and chests to collect drops
Light up nearby caves and surfaces to improve spawn rates
AFK near the farm so mobs spawn inside it
Test and adjust the farm for better mob flow and collection