Find a mob spawner, stronghold, or dark area
Build a sealed spawning room
Make the room dark
Add water channels to move mobs
Add a drop shaft or kill chamber
Place hoppers and chests for drops
Use slabs, trapdoors, or signs to control mob movement
AFK near the farm to keep it active
Kill mobs manually or with a trident killer, lava blade, or fall damage
Collect XP and items from the chamber
Light up nearby caves to improve spawn rates
Build the farm high above ground or over an ocean for better efficiency