Swallow, yawn, or chew sugar-free gum
Perform gentle jaw movements (open/close mouth slowly)
Try the Valsalva maneuver gently: pinch nose, close mouth, blow softly for 1–2 seconds, repeat a few times
Try the Toynbee maneuver: swallow while pinching the nose closed
Use a warm compress over the affected ear for 10–15 minutes
Take a hot shower or inhale steam for 5–10 minutes
If you have nasal congestion or allergies: use a saline nasal spray or rinse
Use a decongestant nasal spray if appropriate (follow label directions; do not use for more than 3 days)
If you use allergy medication, take it as directed (e.g., antihistamine)
Use an oral decongestant if appropriate (follow label directions and avoid if you have contraindications)
If symptoms started after flying or altitude change: keep swallowing and avoid sleeping immediately during pressure changes
If you suspect earwax: use over-the-counter earwax drops as directed, then gently rinse only if the product instructions allow
Consider an ear irrigation kit only if you have no history of perforation, tubes, or severe ear pain, and follow instructions exactly
See a clinician urgently if you have severe pain, fever, drainage, sudden hearing loss, dizziness/vertigo, facial weakness, or symptoms lasting more than 48–72 hours
Avoid inserting cotton swabs, ear candles, or objects into the ear canal
Avoid forceful blowing during Valsalva if it causes pain