Gather supplies: drywall patch (or drywall square), utility knife, tape measure, pencil, straightedge, drywall saw (optional), sandpaper (120/180 grit), joint compound, putty knife (6–12 in), drywall patch screws (if needed), drill/driver (if needed), mesh drywall tape (if using seams), primer (optional), paint (optional)
Cut out loose or damaged drywall to a clean, rectangular or square opening
Measure the opening and cut a drywall patch to fit snugly
If the hole edges are unstable, cut back to solid drywall and ensure framing/backing is present or add backing (wood or metal) behind the opening
Dry-fit the patch and adjust until it sits flush with the wall surface
Secure the patch to studs/backing with drywall screws (use 6–8 in spacing along edges)
Apply a thin layer of joint compound around the patch edges
If seams remain, cover seams with mesh drywall tape and press tape into the compound
Apply additional joint compound over the tape and patch edges, feathering outward
Let compound dry fully
Sand smooth (start with 120 grit, finish with 180 grit), removing ridges and blending edges
Apply a second (and third if needed) thin coat(s) of joint compound, feathering wider each time
Let each coat dry fully
Sand smooth between coats
Wipe away dust with a dry cloth or tack cloth
Prime the repaired area if required by your paint system
Paint to match the surrounding wall
Allow paint to cure fully before normal use