Choose a sunny, well-drained location
Remove weeds, grass, rocks, and debris
Mark the bed shape and size
Test the soil pH and nutrients
Loosen the soil to a depth of 8 to 12 inches
Break up compacted areas with a garden fork or tiller
Mix in compost or well-rotted manure
Add other soil amendments based on soil test results
Level the bed surface
Rake out remaining clumps and roots
Water the soil lightly after prepping
Apply mulch if planting is delayed
Avoid walking on the prepared bed
Recheck drainage before planting
Form raised beds if the soil stays wet