Identify the staff: five lines and four spaces
Read notes from bottom to top
Learn the treble clef
Learn the bass clef
Memorize line notes and space notes for each clef
Recognize note names: A, B, C, D, E, F, G
Understand note values: whole, half, quarter, eighth, sixteenth
Count beats using the time signature
Learn rests and their values
Read sharps, flats, and naturals
Follow the key signature
Notice the note head, stem, and flags
Use ledger lines for notes above or below the staff
Practice sight-reading regularly
Match written notes to their piano keys, strings, or vocal pitches
Keep a steady rhythm while reading
Use a metronome for timing practice