Identify the integrand and the limits of integration
Simplify the integrand if possible
Choose an appropriate integration method
Find an antiderivative
Apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Substitute the upper limit into the antiderivative
Substitute the lower limit into the antiderivative
Subtract the lower-limit value from the upper-limit value
Simplify the result
Check for special cases such as symmetry, discontinuities, or improper limits