Define the sample space
Identify the event of interest
Count favorable outcomes
Count total possible outcomes
Use the probability formula: P(event) = favorable outcomes / total outcomes
Simplify the fraction or convert to decimal if needed
Check whether outcomes are equally likely
Apply addition rule for “or” events
Apply multiplication rule for “and” events
Use complement rule: P(not A) = 1 – P(A)
Use conditional probability when one event depends on another
Use independent event rules when events do not affect each other
Use Bayes’ theorem when reversing conditional probability
Verify the result is between 0 and 1
Recheck calculations for counting or arithmetic errors