Use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher every day
Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors
Wear hats and protective clothing in sunlight
Avoid picking, scratching, or rubbing affected skin
Use topical vitamin C
Use niacinamide
Use azelaic acid
Use retinoids at night
Use alpha arbutin
Use kojic acid
Use glycolic acid or lactic acid
Use hydroquinone only under medical supervision
Consider tranexamic acid under medical supervision
Treat acne, eczema, or other skin inflammation promptly
Avoid harsh scrubs and irritating skincare products
Keep skin moisturized
See a dermatologist for persistent, worsening, or unexplained pigmentation
Seek medical advice before using prescription-strength treatments
Consider chemical peels, laser therapy, or microneedling only with a dermatologist