Check body size and proportions
Look at neck thickness, especially during the rut
Examine the chest depth and shoulder mass
Compare the back line for sagging or straightness
Look at the belly for tightness or sagging
Observe leg length appearance relative to body size
Assess antler spread, mass, and tine length
Note the face shape and muzzle length
Watch the posture and overall movement
Inspect tooth wear if the buck is harvested
Use jawbone aging methods if available
Consider the time of year and rut-related swelling
Compare with known-age bucks in the same area
Combine multiple traits instead of relying on one sign