Check cemetery rules and get permission if required
Identify the stone material before cleaning
Choose a cool, cloudy day if possible
Wear gloves and use clean water
Remove loose dirt with a soft brush
Rinse the stone gently with water
Wash with a non-ionic or pH-neutral cleaner
Use a soft sponge or soft-bristle brush
Clean from the bottom up to avoid streaks
Rinse thoroughly with clean water
Repeat gently on stubborn dirt
Avoid pressure washers
Avoid bleach
Avoid vinegar
Avoid ammonia
Avoid acidic or abrasive cleaners
Avoid wire brushes, metal tools, and scouring pads
Avoid scraping lichen, moss, or stains aggressively
Let the stone air dry
Clean surrounding debris from the base
Inspect for cracks or loose pieces before and after cleaning
Stop if the stone is fragile, flaking, or damaged
Consult a professional conservator for delicate or historic stones