Identify the mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of the dataset
Compute the z-score using: z = (x − μ) / σ
If σ is not given, compute it from the data (population or sample as required)
Substitute the value x into the formula and simplify
Report the resulting z-score
If you need the value x for a given z-score, use: x = zσ + μ