Concentration = amount of solute ÷ amount of solution
Concentration = amount of solute ÷ volume of solution
Molarity (M) = moles of solute ÷ liters of solution
Molality (m) = moles of solute ÷ kilograms of solvent
Mass percent = (mass of solute ÷ mass of solution) × 100
Volume percent = (volume of solute ÷ volume of solution) × 100
Parts per million (ppm) = (mass of solute ÷ mass of solution) × 10^6
Parts per billion (ppb) = (mass of solute ÷ mass of solution) × 10^9
Normality (N) = equivalents of solute ÷ liters of solution
Dilution formula: C1V1 = C2V2