Identify the key signature and time signature
Learn the note names on the staff (lines and spaces)
Determine which clef you’re using (treble or bass) and map notes accordingly
Read the duration of notes using note values and any rests
Track rhythm by counting beats per measure based on the time signature
Read measures left to right and follow bar lines
Use accidentals (sharp, flat, natural) to adjust pitch for the indicated notes
Identify chords and multiple notes stacked vertically
Follow dynamics (p, mf, f, cresc., decresc.) for loudness changes
Read articulations (staccato, legato, accents) for how notes are played
Use tempo markings (e.g., Allegro, Andante, metronome) to set speed
Interpret ties and slurs to connect notes and sustain phrasing
Recognize repeats and endings (repeat signs, first/second endings)
Handle jumps with codas and fine instructions if present
Read pedal markings (for instruments that use them) and other performance instructions
Look for fingerings, bowings, or sticking marks if included
Practice by playing small sections, then combine measures into longer phrases
Clap or count rhythm first, then add pitches
Check for common patterns (scales, arpeggios, intervals) to speed reading
Use a metronome and gradually increase tempo as you improve
Recheck tricky spots by isolating the measure and confirming note names and rhythms