Use the author’s last name and the year of publication in parentheses
Format: (Author, Year)
Example: (Smith, 2020)
For a direct quote, include the page number
Format: (Author, Year, p. X)
Example: (Smith, 2020, p. 15)
For two authors, include both last names joined by “and” in narrative text or “&” in parentheses
Format: (Smith & Jones, 2020)
For three or more authors, use the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”
Format: (Smith et al., 2020)
If the author is a group or organization, use the full name the first time
Example: (American Psychological Association, 2020)
If no author is listed, use the title of the work
Format: (“Title of Work,” Year)
If no date is listed, use “n.d.”
Format: (Author, n.d.)
For multiple sources in one citation, list them alphabetically and separate with semicolons
Format: (Author, Year; Author, Year)
For a paraphrase, page numbers are optional but recommended
Place the citation before the period in a sentence
Example: The results showed improvement (Smith, 2020).