Eat a lot of purine-rich foods, such as red meat, organ meats, anchovies, sardines, mussels, and shellfish
Drink alcohol heavily, especially beer and spirits
Drink sugary beverages or consume a lot of fructose
Become dehydrated
Gain excess body weight or become obese
Have untreated high blood pressure
Have kidney disease or reduced kidney function
Take certain medicines, such as diuretics
Have a family history of gout
Have conditions linked to high uric acid, such as metabolic syndrome or diabetes
Experience frequent fasting or crash dieting
Have lead exposure
Be male or postmenopausal female
Have a history of previous gout attacks