Exfoliate gently 1–2 times per week with a mild scrub or lactic/glycolic acid product
Moisturize daily with a thick cream containing urea, lactic acid, ceramides, or glycerin
Apply sunscreen to exposed elbows and knees every day
Reduce friction from leaning, kneeling, and tight clothing
Use a brightening ingredient such as niacinamide, vitamin C, azelaic acid, or kojic acid
Apply petroleum jelly or a rich ointment at night to lock in moisture
Keep the area clean and avoid harsh soaps
Use a soft washcloth instead of scrubbing hard
Stay consistent for several weeks to see improvement
See a dermatologist if the darkening is sudden, severe, itchy, thickened, or not improving
Get checked for possible causes such as eczema, insulin resistance, or hormonal issues if needed