Set a budget for purchase price, taxes, fees, insurance, registration, and repairs
Decide on must-haves and nice-to-haves (body style, fuel type, mileage, features, seating, cargo)
Check your credit/financing options before shopping
Choose a reputable marketplace (dealer, certified pre-owned, or private seller) based on your risk tolerance
Research the specific make/model/year for common issues and typical repair costs
Confirm the vehicle identification details (VIN, year, trim, mileage) match the listing and documents
Verify the vehicle history report (accidents, title status, odometer readings, ownership, service records)
Avoid vehicles with salvage/rebuilt/flood titles unless you fully understand the implications and costs
Inspect the car in person (paint condition, rust, panel gaps, tire wear, leaks, dashboard warning lights)
Test drive at highway and city speeds (braking, acceleration, steering, transmission shifts, noises, vibrations)
Check the basics during the test drive (AC/heat, windows, locks, lights, wipers, infotainment, gauges, cruise control)
Look under the hood and under the car for signs of leaks, corrosion, damage, or missing components
Inspect tires and brakes for uneven wear and remaining life
Verify the VIN on the car matches paperwork and the history report
Bring a trusted mechanic or schedule a pre-purchase inspection before finalizing the deal
Request service records and confirm maintenance for key items (oil, brakes, tires, transmission, coolant, timing/chain)
Confirm recalls are completed using the VIN with the manufacturer or dealer
Ask the seller why they’re selling and whether they’ve had any recent repairs or issues
Use a purchase agreement in writing with price, fees, and any included items/repairs
Verify the title is clean and in the seller’s name (or confirm transfer steps for dealers/consignments)
Confirm ownership transfer requirements in your state (temporary tags, emissions/safety inspections, bill of sale)
Negotiate based on inspection findings, vehicle history, market pricing, and repair estimates
Ensure all agreed terms are documented (price, warranties, return policy, repairs, included equipment)
Avoid paying by cash for large amounts; use safer payment methods and keep receipts
Test all keys and remotes and confirm the correct number of keys are provided
Get a final out-the-door total in writing (including taxes, registration, dealer fees, and any add-ons)
If financing, review the loan terms (APR, term length, total cost, prepayment penalties, fees)
Keep copies of the bill of sale, title/transfer documents, inspection report, and history report
After purchase, schedule required maintenance and address any urgent safety items immediately