State the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis
Choose the appropriate statistical test
Determine the test statistic from the sample data
Determine the sampling distribution under the null hypothesis
Calculate the p-value as the probability of observing a result at least as extreme as the test statistic
For a one-tailed test, use the probability in one direction
For a two-tailed test, double the one-tailed probability in the relevant tail
Compare the p-value with the significance level alpha
Reject the null hypothesis if p-value is less than or equal to alpha
Fail to reject the null hypothesis if p-value is greater than alpha