Use the formula: c = Q / (mΔT)
Measure the heat energy added or removed, Q, in joules
Measure the mass of the substance, m, in kilograms or grams
Measure the temperature change, ΔT = final temperature – initial temperature, in °C or K
Divide Q by the product of m and ΔT
Express the result in J/(kg·°C), J/(kg·K), J/(g·°C), or J/(g·K), depending on the units used