Use the formula: wavelength = speed of wave ÷ frequency
For light and other electromagnetic waves, use: wavelength = speed of light ÷ frequency
Write it...
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Measure the distance traveled
Measure the time taken
Divide the distance by the time
Use consistent units, such as meters and seconds or...
Use the formula: mass = density × volume
Rearrange Newton’s second law: mass = force ÷ acceleration
Use a balance scale to compare with known masses
Measure...
Use the formula: Force = mass × acceleration
Write it as: F = m × a
Measure mass in kilograms
Measure acceleration in meters per second squared
Multiply...
Identify the surface the force acts on
Draw the free-body diagram
Find the contact surface normal
The normal force is perpendicular to the surface
The normal force points...
Momentum = mass × velocity
Identify the object’s mass
Identify the object’s velocity
Multiply mass by velocity
Use the formula p = mv
Include direction if velocity is a...
Identify the type of friction involved
Determine the normal force between the surfaces
Find the coefficient of friction for the surfaces
Use the formula: friction force =...
Use Newton’s second law: F = m × a
Identify the mass in kilograms
Identify the acceleration in meters per second squared
Multiply mass by acceleration
Write the...
Identify all forces acting on the object
Choose a positive direction
Resolve forces into components if they are not in the same direction
Add forces in the...
Identify the measured value and the uncertainty source
Determine the absolute uncertainty
Determine the relative uncertainty by dividing absolute uncertainty by the measured value
Convert relative uncertainty...
