Use the author’s last name and page number in parentheses: (Smith 23)
If the author’s name is mentioned in the sentence, include only the page number in parentheses: Smith says this is true (23)
If there are two authors, include both last names: (Smith and Jones 45)
If there are three or more authors, use the first author’s last name followed by et al.: (Smith et al. 12)
If there is no author, use a shortened title in quotation marks: (“Article Title” 7)
If there is no page number, include only the author’s last name: (Smith)
If citing a source with no page numbers, omit the page number
Place the citation before the period at the end of the sentence
For multiple citations in one sentence, separate them with semicolons: (Smith 23; Jones 45)
For a quoted passage, include the citation after the quotation marks and before the period: “Quote here” (Smith 23)