Put the author’s last name and page number in parentheses after the quoted or paraphrased material
Format it as (Smith 23)
Do not use a comma between the name and page number
If the author’s name is mentioned in the sentence, include only the page number in parentheses
Format it as Smith says the idea is important (23)
If there are two authors, include both last names
Format it as (Smith and Jones 45)
If there are three or more authors, use the first author’s last name followed by et al.
Format it as (Smith et al. 78)
If there is no author, use a shortened version of the title
Format it as (“Short Title” 12)
If the source has no page numbers, omit the page number
For multiple pages, use a page range
Format it as (Smith 23-25)
For nonconsecutive pages, separate page numbers with commas
Format it as (Smith 23, 27)
Place the citation before the period at the end of the sentence