Use the author’s last name and the year of publication in in-text citations
Place the citation in parentheses, such as (Smith, 2020)
For a direct quote, include the page number, such as (Smith, 2020, p. 15)
Use “et al.” for sources with three or more authors in in-text citations, such as (Smith et al., 2020)
List references on a separate References page
Alphabetize the References list by the first author’s last name
Use a hanging indent for each reference entry
Include author name, publication year, title, and source information in each reference
Italicize book titles and journal titles
Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle, and proper nouns
For journal articles, include the volume number in italics and the issue number in parentheses
Include the DOI for journal articles when available
Include the URL for online sources when no DOI is available
Follow APA 7th edition formatting rules consistently