Follow a heart-healthy diet (Mediterranean style)
Reduce saturated fat and eliminate trans fats
Increase soluble fiber (oats, beans, lentils, fruits, vegetables)
Use healthy fats (olive oil, nuts, seeds, avocado, fatty fish)
Limit refined carbs and added sugars
Choose lean proteins and plant-based meals more often
Maintain a healthy weight
Exercise regularly (at least 150 minutes/week of moderate activity, plus resistance training)
Stop smoking and avoid secondhand smoke
Limit alcohol (or avoid if advised)
Manage blood pressure to target ranges
Manage blood sugar if you have diabetes or prediabetes
Lower LDL cholesterol with lifestyle changes
Consider cholesterol-lowering medications when prescribed (e.g., statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors)
Use antiplatelet therapy if prescribed (e.g., aspirin or alternatives)
Control inflammation and overall cardiovascular risk factors with clinician-guided care
Treat sleep apnea if present
Manage stress with evidence-based strategies (exercise, therapy, mindfulness)
Ensure good dental and oral health (treat gum disease if present)
Avoid cocaine and other stimulants; avoid illicit drug use
Get regular follow-up and repeat testing as recommended (lipids, A1c, blood pressure, imaging if needed)
Seek urgent care for symptoms like chest pain/pressure, shortness of breath, fainting, or new/worsening symptoms