Chrome (Windows/Mac/Linux): Ctrl+Shift+Del (Windows/Linux) or Cmd+Shift+Del (Mac) → select “Cached images and files” → choose time range → Clear data
Chrome (Android/iOS): Settings → Privacy → Clear browsing data → select “Cached images and files” (or “Cache”) → Clear
Firefox (Windows/Mac/Linux): Ctrl+Shift+Del (Windows/Linux) or Cmd+Shift+Del (Mac) → select Cache → Clear Now
Firefox (Android/iOS): Settings → Privacy & Security → Clear browsing data → select Cache → Clear data
Edge (Windows/Mac): Ctrl+Shift+Del (Windows) or Cmd+Shift+Del (Mac) → select Cached images and files and/or Cookies and other site data → Clear now
Edge (Android/iOS): Settings → Privacy → Clear browsing data → select Cache → Clear
Safari (macOS): Safari → Settings/Preferences → Advanced → enable “Show Develop menu” → Develop → Empty Caches
Safari (iOS): Settings → Safari → Clear History and Website Data
Internet Explorer (legacy): Tools → Internet options → General tab → Browsing history → Delete → Temporary Internet files → Delete
Clear cache for a single site (Chrome): Open site in browser → padlock icon (or site info) → Site settings → Clear data
Clear cache for a single site (Firefox): Open site → click shield/info icon → Clear cookies and site data
Clear cache via DevTools (Chrome/Edge): Open DevTools (F12) → Network tab → check “Disable cache” → reload page
Clear cache via DevTools (Firefox): Open DevTools → Network tab → check “Disable cache” → reload page