Choose a sunny location with at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily
Use well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5
Prepare the soil by loosening it and mixing in compost or organic matter
Sow seeds directly outdoors after the last frost
Plant seeds 1 to 2 inches deep
Space seeds according to variety, usually 6 to 24 inches apart
Water the soil after planting and keep it evenly moist until germination
Thin seedlings if needed to leave the strongest plants
Water deeply once or twice a week, depending on rainfall and heat
Apply mulch around plants to retain moisture and reduce weeds
Support tall varieties with stakes if needed
Fertilize lightly if soil is poor, avoiding excess nitrogen
Remove weeds regularly around the plants
Watch for pests and diseases and treat promptly if needed
Harvest seeds when the back of the flower head turns yellow-brown and seeds are mature
Cut flower heads and dry them in a warm, airy place if saving seeds