Identify the axis of rotation
Determine the mass distribution relative to that axis
Use the formula (I = sum m_i r_i^2) for discrete masses
Use the formula (I = int r^2 , dm) for continuous bodies
Express (dm) in terms of density and geometry
Integrate over the entire object
Apply the parallel axis theorem if the axis is not through the center of mass
Apply the perpendicular axis theorem for planar objects when applicable
Use standard moment of inertia formulas for common shapes when available
Check units to ensure the result is in ( text{kg} cdot text{m}^2 )