Start with the smallest prime number, 2
Divide the number by 2 if it is even
Keep dividing by 2 until it is no longer divisible
Move to the next prime number, 3
Divide by 3 until it is no longer divisible
Continue with the next prime numbers in order
Stop when the remaining number is 1
If the remaining number is greater than 1, it is a prime factor
List all prime numbers used in the divisions
Multiply the listed prime factors to verify the original number